Macromolecular Crystallography (MX)

Update September 2024: MX filesystem problems now resolved - data and analysis from run 2 2024 now available on filesystem, in ISPyB and on icat tape archive.

 

Access to Diamond MX beamlines is now operating under these guidelines. We are able to offer remote access, unattended automated data collection and mail-in services for all research areas as well as on site user access. 

Access to unattended automated data collection is available to all users.

Diamond provides a range of techniques for academic and industrial researchers studying the machines of life. As one of those techniques, Macromolecular Crystallography (MX) reveals the shape and arrangement of biological molecules at atomic resolution, knowledge of which provides a highly accurate insight into function. This can be combined with complementary information from many other techniques available at Diamond alongside lab based investigations to reveal the broader picture of molecular interactions and their effects.

MX is a core activity at Diamond with seven beamlines dedicated to the technique alongside the XFEL Hub, Membrane Protein Laboratory and XChem fragment screening facility for the extensive UK structural biology community as well as researchers in Europe and beyond. The staff of the MX group are recognised as innovative world leaders in MX, moving the goalposts of what is feasible for 'conventional' MX as well as developing techniques and beamlines that transform MX to the next level, enabling new experiments and methodologies. The group takes a long term approach to enabling new capabilities at its suite of beamlines to meet the current and future demands of an exacting community of scientists.

VMXm

Commissioning

VMXm is a micro/nanofocus MX beamline aimed at atomic structure determination in cases where the production of significant quantities of protein material and crystals is problematic.

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Beamsize: 0.3x0.5 - 10x13 (variable size)
Detector: Pilatus3 6M (Si) and Eiger2 X 9M (CdTe)
Wavelength: 0.44 - 1.77 Å
Energy: 7.0 - 28.0 keV

VMXi

Operational in optimisation mode

The Versatile Macromolecular X-tallography in-situ (VMXi) beamline will be an entirely automated facility for characterisation of, and data collection directly from, crystallisation experiments in situ.

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Beamsize: 10 µm x 10 µm
Energy: 16 keV

I03 MX

High throughput and fully automated beamline for optimised MX experiments. Capable of accepting CL3 type experiments on crystals of pathogens.

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Beamsize: 90 µm x 20 µm
Detector: Eiger2 XE 16M
Wavelength: 0.50 - 2.07 Å
Energy: 6 - 25 keV

I04 Microfocus MX

Variable focus from 5 to 100 microns, high throughput and highly automated beamline for optimised MAD and SAD experiments.

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Beamsize: 10 µm x 5 µm - 110 µm x 100 µm
Detector: Eiger2 XE 16M
Wavelength: 0.69 - 2.07 Å

I04-1 Fixed wavelength MX

High throughput and highly automated fixed wavelength SAD beamline for macromolecular crystallography.

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Beamsize: 60 x 50
Detector: Eiger2 XE 9M
Wavelength: 0.92Å (fixed)
Energy: 13.445 keV

I23 Long-Wavelength MX

Operational in optimisation mode

A unique facility for solving the crystallographic phase problem, using the small anomalous signals from sulphur or phosphorous which are present in native protein or RNA/DNA crystals. Additionally, anomalous difference Fourier maps can be used to locate sulphur and phosphorous positions to assist model building at low resolution and/or identify lighter atoms such as chlorine, potassium and calcium.

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Wavelength: 1.1 – 5.9 Å
Energy: 2.1 – 11 keV

I24 Microfocus MX

High throughput variable microfocus beamline for optimised MAD and SAD experiments on crystals down a few microns in size.

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Beamsize: 5x5 - 50x40 (variable aspect ratio)
Detector: Pilatus3 6M
Wavelength: 0.62Å - 1.77Å

Membrane Protein Laboratory

The Membrane Protein Lab (MPL) at Diamond is a research and training facility for scientists interested in solving the 3D structures of membrane proteins by X-ray crystallography.

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XFEL Hub

The UK is taking a leading role in the development of a new structural biology facility (SFX) at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL), in Hamburg, Germany, and a complementary facility at Diamond (The UK XFEL Hub) to help develop the required expertise.

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XChem - Fragment Screening

The fragment screening facility at Diamond Light Source is based in Lab 36 and on beamline I04-1. The scope of the facility is to encompass all stages of the fragment screening experiment.

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Crystallisation Facility

The Crystallisation Facility @ Harwell is a research and training facility for the scientific community interested in solving the 3D structures of soluble or membrane proteins by X-ray crystallography.

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Beamline I03 I04 I04-1 I23 I24
Wavelength range (Å)  0.6 - 2.3 0.69 - 2.07 0.92 (fixed) 1.18 - 5.9 0.7 - 2.0
Energy range (keV) 5.2 - 21.0 6.0 - 18.0 13.5 (fixed) 2.1 - 11.0 6.4 - 20.0
Default settings (Å/keV) 0.98 / 12.7 0.98 / 12.66 0.92 / 13.53 2.755 / 4.5 0.97 / 12.8
Flux (ph/s) in full beam at default energy at 300 mA 1.0 x 1013 2.0 x 1012 3.8 x 1012

7.5 x 1010 @ 100 x 100um

3.0 x 1012
Default beamsize (µm) 90 x 30 30 x 20 60 x 50 100 x 100 8 x 8
Full beam size at sample (µm) 90 x 20, 90 x 30, 100 x 100,  55 x 10 10 x 5 --> 110 x 100 60 x 50 Any (slits)

5 x 5 --> 50 x 40

Available apertures (µm)

20, 50, 100

  10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 (50 - 600) x (50 - 600)  
Detectors (Dectris type)

Eiger2 XE 16M

(560 Hz)

Eiger2 XE 16M

(560 Hz)

Eiger2 XE 9M

(560 Hz)

Custom Semi-cylindrical P12M

(10Hz)

P3-6M (100 Hz)

EIGER2 X CdTe 9M

Multi-Axis Goniometry  Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Number of unipucks / SPINE pins 37/592 37 / 592 37 / 592 20 I23 specific pins 37 / 592
Maximum samples / hour 30 30 30 6 30
Typical samples / hour 15 - 25  15 - 25 15 - 35 1 - 6 15 - 25 
Minimum Detector Distance (mm) 140 170 159 N/A (0) 200

 

Plan

Reserve access well ahead of your visit either at the links in the web page or via your local contact to facilities such as

Check the Diamond MX web pages and individual beamline pages for updates, manuals and contact details prior to your experiment.

Register your shipping dewars with Diamond to use our shipping account and help with tracking.

Always purchase and use SPINE pins and Unipucks to mount and ship your samples. Non-SPINE standard pins cause robots to crash and damage to equipment: you lose beamtime, we lose sleep.

For full remote access experiments we prefer pucks to arrive in the shelved shipping cane or alternatively the puck shipping canister. Please avoid the narrow canisters where possible.

Plan

For remote experimenters read the remote access guidelines.

  • For remote access experiments the team leader should update UAS with contact details for all remote users, and ensure all pucks are correctly assigned on ISPyB at least two working days before the visit.
  • For mixed remote access (i.e. where a member of your team is on-site) ensure they will be available to change pucks if required.
  • In both cases discuss your requirements for remote access with your local contact before your experiment.

For all experiments we highly recommend preparing your shipments in advance in ISPyB, identifying your pucks by the puck identifier (e.g. CPS-0024) and assigning samples at the same time. This allows pucks to be assigned to robot positions as loaded by either you or Diamond staff making them available in GDA immediately. For remote access this is a requirement  rather than a recommendation to ensure reliable information transfer.

For UK users with Diamond registered dewars you can book your next working day shipping to us with Diamond’s DHL account. We recommend shipping your dewars three or more days before your experiment to ensure arrival in time.

Register your PDB and sequences for your proteins in ISPyB. These can then be used automatically if you use default file names in GDA for all future visits in downstream processing such as XIA2, DIMPLE and MrBUMP and avoids the need to do this for each visit.

Refer to the manual for data collection possibilities –

Read the message of the day in GDA for beamline status.

Refer to beamline specific manuals where appropriate.

Start your data back-up as soon as you can.

Load your pre-registered pucks and assign positions on the touch screen in the hutch (soon in all beamlines). Now start GDA and all your samples will be preloaded in the sample changer view (or press refresh to update if GDA was already running).

Use default file names in GDA to streamline experiments, avoiding the need to type information at each sample load, preventing mistakes and ensuring downstream processing uses the information you have provided in advance (PDB, sequence, space group).

Monitor your results from our automatic software pipelines in ISPyB.

Talk with your local contact about your experiment plans – we are here to help you solve structures.

Unload your last sample with the sample changer.

If on site, with sufficient time to ensure you have removed pucks from the sample changers before the end of your shift.

If using data backup via disk; Finalise your backup disk and unmount cleanly in the data dispenser interface.

Else: Transfer required data using globus.

See Shipping Dewar Home, for details on arranging return shipment 

Diamond pays for sample shipping (2 dewars per shift) for EU and UK users, if using our shipping agent DHL via ISPyB. No other shipping method can be reimbursed.

You can reprocess your data afterwards on our cluster.

Acknowledge beamline access.

 

Microfocus

Specialised high flux microfocus beams for microcrystal data collection or the illumination of subvolumes of larger inhomogeneous crystals.

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Remote Access

The highly automated beamlines enable data collection from anywhere in the world via remote access. Systems are in place for shipping samples to and from Diamond Light Source. New users can borrow pucks and tools.

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In situ Data Collection

In situ data collection and sample characterization directly from crystals in their crystallization plates.

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Sample Humidity Control

Control of the sample crystal's relative humidity with the aim of improving diffraction quality through improved packing of protein molecules constituting the lattice.

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Spectroscopy

On-line and off-line UV-Vis spectroscopy of macromolecular samples to study enzyme reaction mechanisms and radiation damage.

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Multi-axis Goniometry

Crystal reorientation to optimize data collection strategies for anomalous diffraction data collection and low symmetry spacegroups, or very long axis unit cells.

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Biocontainment

All beamlines are designated bio containment level 1. For containment level 2 samples beamlines I03 and I24 can be used and beamline I03 can be configured to run at biocontainment level 3.

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Fragment Screening - XChem

The fragment screening facility at Diamond Light Source is based in Lab 36 and on beamline I04-1. The scope of the facility is to encompass all stages of the fragment screening experiment.

More information...

Science Group Leader

Dave Hall

Email: [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0) 1235 778926

Beamline Manuals