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annual review
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a rapid and often fatal disease. The disease originates in the body’s system for producing white blood cells, where diseased AML cells (in common with many other types of cancer) will interfere with healthy human cytotoxic lymphoid cells, the body’s natural defence system against cancerous cells.
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annual review
Using Diamond Light Source’s Small Angle Scattering & Diffraction beamline (I22), I911-SAXS at MAX IV Laboratory, SWING at SOLEIL synchrotron, and P12 at EMBL BioSAXS, a team of researchers from Tel Aviv University and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology mapped, for the first time, the delicate and complicated force balance between the myelin sheath constituents and their effect on the myelin structure.
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annual review
Analysing cells on a cell-by-cell basis using infrared microspectroscopy can reveal important biochemical information, providing insight into diseases, and drug-cell interactions. However, for visible and infrared microscopy, the cells have to be preserved and dried; also, water is a strong infrared absorber and obscures the spectrum of the cells under investigation.
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annual review
Diesel is the fuel of choice for heavy goods vehicles, but diesel combustion generates nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are known to be harmful to human health;
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annual review
Some of the most effective cancer treatments involve platinum-based drugs, but resistance to platinum compounds is increasing and there is an urgent need to find alternatives. A team from the University of Warwick has discovered a new osmium-based (Os-based) anti-cancer agent, FY26, which exhibits high potency against a range of cancer cell lines and is capable of overcoming platinum resistance. Before it can be tested in clinical trials, the team needs to understand fully how it works.
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annual review
The increasing energy storage needs of electric vehicles and mobile devices is driving research into higher performance batteries. One particular challenge for some applications is safely charging/discharging fast enough, and most materials that offer both high power and fast charging require nanoparticles that are expensive to make and difficult to produce in large quantities.
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news
An international research team from the University of Cambridge, Diamond Light Source and the Advanced Photon Source have been awarded the 2019 Charles Hatchett Award.
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annual review
Hexaferrites are an important class of magnetic oxides with applications in data storage and electronics, and have been the subject of numerous studies since their discovery in the 1950s.
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annual review
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline materials with a structure of inorganic nodes connected by organic ligands.
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annual review
Over the past few years, responsive materials - materials that change their structure when chemical, thermal, or mechanical stimuli
are applied - have been studied extensively. A team of researchers used high-pressure X-ray diffraction on the Extreme Conditions
beamline (I15) to study stimuli-responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of synthetic, crystalline, and porous materials
constructed from organic and inorganic building units. Some MOFs are known to be flexible, and to ...
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annual review
Climate change, dwindling supplies of fossil fuels, and growing environmental awareness are all contributing to a surge of interest in electric vehicles. However, battery-powered electric vehicles cost more, and have a shorter range, than petrol/diesel vehicles, due to the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, for which cathode materials are currently a limiting factor.
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annual review
A type of 3D printing called laser additive manufacturing (LAM) uses a high-energy laser beam to melt powder particles into a solid
structure in under 1/1000th of a second. The powder melting process controls how materials are formed, governing the overall product
performance. However, the fast laser-material interaction makes it difficult to optimise the processing conditions, resulting in
defects. The presence of defects slows down the adoption of LAM for safety-critical engineering ...
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annual review
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, yet its cause is unclear and there is no effective treatment. A hallmark of
Alzheimer’s disease is the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain that disrupt its normal function. There is also an imbalance of
metals, with increased levels of iron and harmful reactive iron forms being associated with amyloid plaques.
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annual review
The chemical industry produces a tremendous amount of waste. Often this arises from the need to separate the product from a solution
containing by-products and a dissolved catalyst. 85% of all industrial chemical processes use catalysts, chemicals that speed up a
reaction but do not get used up in the process, and they are often expensive metals such as palladium.
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annual review
Aragonite is a common crystalline form (polymorph) of calcium carbonate, an important biomineral found, for example, in
seashells. Outside of the natural environment, aragonite usually only crystallises from solution at high temperatures, or in the
presence of magnesium ions. However, although organisms can readily form aragonite, the way in which they do so remains
unclear.
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annual review
An international team of researchers has demonstrated a novel method for studying the microscopic structure of chemical bonds,
the valence electron density of crystals, and light-matter interactions at the atomic scale resolution, with synchrotron radiation.
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annual review
Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for the next generation of memory devices as they allow increased storage density,
and require less energy.
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annual review
Computers based on silicon are energy-hungry, and the search for energy-efficient alternatives is increasingly important. Electronic
components based on insulating magnetic oxides should be much more efficient at storing and manipulating information. In order
to operate at room temperature, such devices would rely on the presence of ‘magnetic knots’ (vortices), which would protect stored
information from thermal fluctuations.omputers based on silicon are energy-hungry, and the search for ...
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annual review
C
omplementary techniques that can maximise information derived from precious soft tissue samples are extremely valuable. A team
from the Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases wanted to use 3D imaging to track how disease spreads through spinal tissue,
followed by traditional 2D histology to probe the regions of interest identified in these scans at the molecular level. However, most 3D
imaging methodologies require tissue preparation that prevents its subsequent use, or are too slow ...
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annual review
A new class of electronic devices, often referred to by the term Mottronics, is based on charge correlations between the electrons.
Transition metal oxides exhibit fascinating phenomena such as the Mott metal-to-insulator transitions, electronic phase transitions
that are of potential interest for future device applications. However, further progress in material development is required to make
high quality thin films of prototypical Mott materials available, and to establish methods to ...
