Chemical applications of synchrotron light

Synchrotron light has a wide range of applications in chemical research. Solid state chemistry is beginning to be explored under extreme conditions, revealing new polymeric and framework forms of various compounds. Extreme conditions experiments have great potential for new solid state chemistry to predict new materials and their properties.

Much of the research effort in the synthetic chemistry, materials and pharmaceutical sciences, within both academia and industry, are underpinned by small-molecule single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The determination of an accurate crystal structure is a crucial factor not only in the characterisation of a new compound but it is also a crucial factor for our understanding of the properties of a material. Single-crystal diffraction remains the favoured method for determining the accurate structure of crystalline materials but when suitable single-crystals can not be grown powder-diffraction techniques offer a powerful alternative. They also offer the advantage that structural changes due to variations in temperature, pressure or some in-situ chemical process can be readily tracked, which would be either too technically difficult or too time-consuming with single-crystal techniques.

The potential of microfocus x-ray spectroscopy is largely unexplored in chemistry. Sub-micron beams can give fundamental insights into a wide range of important chemical reactions and ultra-dilute systems, enhancing the study of reactions at solid interfaces and solid/liquid interfaces, and lead to the development of improved materials through studies of ceramic and composite materials.

X-ray rheology experiments can improve the understanding of food gels for example, and lead to the manufacture of better-designed polymers and more efficient production technology.

Simultaneous small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and mechanical testing allow the study of the microstructural changes that occur on deformation of polymers. By studying the behaviour of the material at different stages of degradation we are able to map the relationships between microstructure, degradation and ultimate mechanical response. This enables rational design of microstructure for desired properties.

To discuss possible chemistry experiments at Diamond, please contact the relevant beamline scientist or  Andy Dent.

Potential industrial users should contact Elizabeth Shotton.

Chemistry Highlights

• A molecular star is born
  21 Dec 2011
  Diamond Light Source has recently played a key role in helping to reveal the exact structure of the most complex non-DNA molecular knot prepared to date. Read more...
• A role for gold in cancer treatment?
  18 Oct 2011
  During the course of their treatment, around half of cancer patients receive some type of radiation therapy. This therapy is widely used to target tumours and modern techniques aim to avoid dose to Read more...
• Protecting herbarium staff from mercury contaminated specimens
  22 Aug 2011
  The University of Manchester museum herbarium was founded in 1860 and contains over a million specimens from all over the world, with collections spanning hundreds of years. The challenge of how to preserve Read more...
• Rotaxanes capable of recognising chloride in aqueous media
  02 Jun 2011
  Anions are of central importance in natural, medical, and industrial systems: mis-regulation of chloride channels is known to be a cause of cystic fibrosis; use of nitrates and phosphates in fertilisers Read more...
• Bow-tie metallo-cryptophanes
  02 Jun 2011
  In metallo-supramolecular chemistry small molecules are organised into larger, more complex assemblies through the use of reversible metal-ligand coordination interactions. These assemblies are highly Read more...