Beamline Phone Number:
+44 (0) 1235 778201
Principal Beamline Scientist:
Francesco Carlà
Tel: +44 (0) 1235 778023
E-mail: francesco.carla@diamond.ac.uk
Email: chris.nicklin@diamond.ac.uk
Tel: +44 (0)1235 778523
For standard experiments the diffractometer in EH1 can be set up in one of the following geometries:
To avoid confusion each diffractometer axis has a unique name as shown below. When in use thes axes are aliased to more appropriate names for the geometry of the experiment.
In both geometries the sample is normally mounted on a hexapod (PI-Micos) to allow independant alignment of the sample with 6 dgrees of freedom. The hexapod has its own frame of reference relative to the base with the z-axis its "height":
The range of motion of each axis is dependent on the positions of the other axes. The maximum range is given below.
Translational motion | z: ± 15mm x, y: ± 10mm |
Rotational motion | ± 10° about each axis |
Load capacity | 50Kg (position 1) or 30Kg (position 2) |
The Double crystal deflector (DCD) allows reflectivity from liquid surfaces without the need to move the sample. It can easily combine with GISAXS or GIXD for most energies. If required, it is possible to approach the interface from above or below.
You can read a detailed description of the DCD on its dedicated page.
There are several possible modes of operation:
Energy | Standard: 12.5keV Variable energy is now available Range: 11.2 – 30keV (but please consult beamline staff if required, e.g. for liquid-liquid experiments) |
Using P100k | Qz: 0–1 Å-1 (may also go up to 2.5 Å-1 but consult beamline staff if required) Qxy: Energy and sample environment limited. Typical max for GID at 12.5keV ~ 3Å-1 Approximate time for data collection: 15–20 min for air-water XRR, <5min for GID or GISAXS |
Using P2M | Qz: 0–1 Å-1 (Energy and detector distance limited) Qxy: Energy and detector distance limited. Typical for GISAXS at 12.5keV min ~ 0.01–0.02Å-1, max ~ 0.7Å-1 Approximate time for data collection: 20 min for air-water XRR, <5min for GISAXS |
Using both detectors | This is not as straightforward but is possible for some situations. |
Anomalous measurements | This is possible for certain experiments but not routine (please consult beamline staff if required) |
Post DCD Slits | An upgrade to the DCD is presently in progress. This will allow post-DCD slits to be used that should allow the beam size to be reduced at the expense of overall flux. Contact staff for details |
Changing between set-ups particularly the energy is not generally possible during an experiment. Similar experiments are usually scheduled consecutively, minimising the time required for set-up between experiments.
Sample-Detector distance | 1.5 – 3m (Not continuous when using flight tube) |
Typical Q-range (12.5 keV) |
0.010 – 0.5Å-1 (at 3m) 0.025 – 1Å-1 (at 1.5m) |
Set-up time | Approximately 1 shift (8hrs) |
In certain circumstances it is possible to mount the Pilatus 2M on the diffractometer. In this case the detector cannot be moved but can cover a significantly wider Q-range than is possible with the remote detector positioning system. Fast acquisition is possible with the 2M detector, enabling real time in situ GIWAXS measurements.
Sample-Detector distance | 0.3 – 0.4m |
Typical Q-range (at 12.5keV) | ~ 0.1 – 3.8Å-1 |
Set-up time | Approximately 1 shift (8hrs) |
The diffractometer detector arm cannot be used in this set-up.
There are two options for experiments requiring UHV sample conditions.
This chamber houses a wide range of UHV surface science, preparation and characterisation equipment including sputter guns and LEED/AES optics. Additionally, a number of ports (CF38) are available for mounting evaporation sources, enabling in-situ growth dynamics to be studied as well as well ordered surface arrangements.
Typical operating conditions:
Base Pressure | ~ 1 x 10-10 mbar |
Max. Number of sources | 3 |
Sample Temperature Range | High Temperature Manipulator: 300–2300K
With cooling adaptor: 120–600K and with limited sample transfer |
Detectors | Pilatus P100K |
You can read more about the EH2 UHV system here.
Some studies are best carried out in the small baby chamber in EH1. Samples that have previously been prepared in the Surface and Interface village offline UHV facilities can be transferred under vacuum into this system. Samples can then be exposed to high gas pressures (<1bar) or humid atmospheres. Liquid droplet studies and in situ electrochemistry using this chamber are also in development.
Typical operating conditions:
Base Pressure | ~ 2 x 10-9 mbar |
Maximum Pressure | ~1 x 10-4 mbar (turbo pump), 1 bar (unpumped) |
Sample Temperature Range | Standard Manipulator 300–900K |
Detectors | Pilatus P100K, Pilatus P2M |
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